Pneumonia

Defination:

IT is the inflammatory disorder of the lung tissue.Theoedema fluied fills the alveoli and forms consollidation.
Three types of Pneumonia,

• Lobar pneumonia
• Broncho pneumonia
• Aspiration

Cause: 

Mainly bacteria (stephylo cocus).it is infected by food and water.

Pathology: 

Staphylo-cocus bacteria gets into the lung---->Inflammation of the airway------>Oedema fluied fills the alveoli-------->Increase number of red blood cells------->Macrophages move to the alveoli and try to remove the oedema fluied------>If do not remove oedema in the lung then fibrous tissue form------->Then alveoli are full of red blood cells------>Red hepatization------->The alveoli are full of fluied and not air called consollidation stages------>When consollidation break down that is gray hepatization.

Clinical feature:

• Fever(pyrexia)
• Chest pain
• Headache
• Coughing
• Sputum white frothy
• In consollidation stage pleuretic type chest pain
• Breathlessness
• Intercostal muscle spasm
• In severe stage - cynosis
• when the respiratory disease stay theb clubbing form.

Oscultation:

• Normal breath sound ------------In normal area.
• No/ absent breath sound---------In consollidation area.
• Decrese breath sound-------------In red hepatization
• Coracles breath sound--------------In gray hepatization.

Investigation:

 x-ray will show
When full of sputum-----------> white
When full of air------------>Blakish

Physiotherapy management:

• Problem list:
• Breathlessness
• Sputum secretion
• Increase work of breathing
• Muscle spasm
• Cheast pain
• cynosis
• clubbinng

Aim of treatment:

• Postural drainage(active cycie breathing technique) mannual tecmique  vibration(chest), percusion.
• Deep breathinng exercise(gradually increase) Apical,Lateral costal,Abdominal/Diapharmatic breathing.
• Sniff(3 to5times breath then rest 2to3 miniute).Hold as sniff(3 second hold inspiration 3to5 times). Huffing/FET(forcefull expiratory tecnique) 2to3 times.
• Muscle spasm----- Hot compression,GTFM,gentle breathing. when muscle spasm then purs lip breathing(o shaped breathing)
• Chest pain------ Intercostal brathing, Rib springing(rib pressure)
• Clubbing----------Respiratory(normal breathing continue exercise),when gasseous exchannge normal  2to3 month continue.

Advise:

• Avoid smoking
• Avoid exhust
• Take planty of water
• Morning walking
• Free exercise.